State energy information, including overviews, rankings, data, and analyses. Louisiana reported a 6.9% (2.4 Tcf) increase in proved natural gas reserves in 2019 from the Haynesville shale play in northern Louisiana. Extensions and discoveries in 2019 outweighed the net increases of all other components of proved reserves (Figure 9b), but the gains from this component were countered by a combination of increased production and net revisions to proved reserves that were negative. Adjustments are the yearly changes in the published reserve estimates that cannot be attributed to the estimates for other reserve change categories because of the survey and statistical estimation methods employed. Shale formations have very low permeability and must typically be hydraulically fractured to produce natural gas at economic rates. Within this report, EIA publishes proved reserves for state subdivisions of California, Louisiana, New Mexico, Texas, and the Federal Offshore Gulf of Mexico. Estimated proved reserves of natural gas plant liquids and dry natural gas, 2019, Miscellaneous/other tables Periodic Table of Videos, accessed December 2014. U.S. proved reserves of crude oil and lease condensate increased only slightly by 54 MMBbl (0.1%) in 2019, as the combination of downward net revisions and production almost completely offset the 6.67 billion barrels of total discoveries for the year (Figure 9a). U.S. The noble gases (historically also the inert gases; sometimes referred to as aerogens) make up a class of chemical elements with similar properties; under standard conditions, they are all odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity.The six naturally occurring noble gases are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and the radioactive radon (Rn). Reserves, production, prices, employment and productivity, distribution, stocks, imports and exports. Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions at the State Level, through 2018, South Central region follows record net withdrawals with unchanged inventory levels, Sustained cold temperatures drive the second largest net withdrawal from working gas stocks in the Lower 48 states, Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions at the state level, through 2018, Monthly Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production ›, Midwest and Rocky Mountain Transportation Fuels Markets, East Coast and Gulf Coast Transportation Fuels Markets, crude oil spot price for West Texas Intermediate at Cushing, Oklahoma, official published estimate of total U.S. crude oil production, Proved reserves, reserves changes, and production of crude oil and lease condensate, 2019, Proved reserves, reserves changes, and production of crude oil, 2019, Proved reserves, reserves changes, and production of lease condensate, 2019, Proved reserves, reserves changes, and production of natural gas, wet after lease separation, 2019, Proved reserves, reserves changes, and production of nonassociated natural gas, wet after lease separation, 2019, Proved reserves, reserves changes, and production of associated-dissolved natural gas, wet after lease separation 2019, Proved reserves, reserves changes, and production of shale natural gas 2019, Reported proved nonproducing reserves of crude oil, lease condensate, nonassociated gas, associated-dissolved gas, and total gas, wet after lease separation, 2019. Most reserves additions were made on the north slope of Alaska. The annual average spot price for a barrel of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil at Cushing, Oklahoma decreased 15.1% in 2019, from $65.66 in 2018 to $55.77 (Figure 6). The U.S. total of natural gas extensions and discoveries in 2019 was 56.7 Tcf (Table 3), and 82.0% of those discoveries were from shale plays. (Table 6), The largest net decrease in proved reserves of crude oil and lease condensate of all states in 2019 was in Colorado (-154 MMBbl). Proved reserves, reserves changes, and production of associated-dissolved natural gas, wet after lease separation, 2019 The eight states that reported the most shale natural gas proved reserves in 2019 are shown in Figure 13. On April 20, 2020, for the first time since WTI began trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) in 1983, the price of West Texas Intermediate oil futures fell below zero dollars per barrel[2]. New drilling and natural gas recovery technologies significantly reduce the land area that is disturbed to develop oil and gas resources. Sign up for email subcriptions to receive messages about specific EIA products. As of December 31, 2019, seven major shale plays[7] accounted for 49.3% of all proved reserves of U.S. crude oil and lease condensate (Table 2). The largest increase in 2019 proved nonassociated natural gas reserves (+10.3 Tcf) was in Ohio from the Utica/Pt. EIA estimates that the United States had 47,107 MMBbl of proved reserves of crude oil and lease condensate as of December 31, 2019—an increase of 0.1% from year-end 2018. Natural gas flaring produces CO2, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and many other compounds, depending on the chemical composition of the natural gas and on how well the natural gas burns in the flare. Beginning with the 2016 report, operators reported to EIA on Form EIA-23L their discoveries as a single, combined category, extensions and discoveries, and totals for that category are presented in one column on the data tables in this report. Pecos-Barstow-Toyah ISD in West Texas ranked #1 receiving $167.6 million from mineral properties producing oil and natural gas, pipelines, and gas utilities – … Energy use in homes, commercial buildings, manufacturing, and transportation. State subdivisions (e.g., California Coastal Region Onshore, Louisiana North, Texas Railroad Commission District 1) are defined geographic areas within a large producing state or offshore area. Natural gas has many qualities that make it an efficient, relatively clean burning, and economical energy source. Changes in proved reserves of crude oil and lease condensate by state/area, 2018–19 U.S. natural gas production increased 9.8% (3.3 Tcf) in 2019, and natural gas imports decreased 5.1% (0.1 Tcf) from the 2018 level (Figure 5). Spot market prices are not necessarily the prices used by operators in their reserve estimates for EIA because actual prices received by operators depend on their particular contractual arrangements, location, hydrocarbon quality, and other factors. Table 12.3 gives some examples of the composition of natural gas produced in three different locations, to give an example that methane content of natural gas can be as low as 65%. EIA Today in Energy, Low liquidity and limited available storage pushed WTI crude oil futures price below zero, April 27, 2020. Table 9. Producing natural gas with this technique has some effects on the environment: Because a natural gas leak could cause an explosion, strict government regulations and industry standards are in place to ensure the safe transportation, storage, distribution, and use of natural gas. December 2021   |   Hence, they should not be cited as EIA’s official production statistics. The largest increase proved reserves of associated-dissolved natural gas in 2019 was in Texas (2.5 Tcf), caused by the oil reserves additions in the Permian Basin). Proved reserves are estimated volumes of hydrocarbon resources that analysis of geologic and engineering data demonstrates with reasonable certainty are recoverable under existing economic and operating conditions. * In this table, the Marcellus shale play refers only to portions within Pennsylvania and West Virginia. EIA's free and open data available as API, Excel add-in, bulk files, and widgets. Natural gas production can also produce large volumes of contaminated water. 2. Net downward revisions of reserves in the Eagle Ford, Barnett, and Bossier shale plays contributed the most to the annual drop (Table 4). Vine Energy, a Blackstone-backed natural gas E&P operating in Louisiana's Haynesville Basin, filed on Monday with the SEC to raise up to $100 million in … 5. Hydraulic fracturing (commonly called hydrofracking, fracking, or fracing) of shale, sandstone, and carbonate rock formations is opening up large reserves of natural gas that were previously too expensive to develop. The New Mexico reserves additions and most of the Texas reserves additions were made in the Permian Basin, the center of the Wolfcamp/Bone Spring shale play. EIA calculates the expected yield of natural gas plant liquids by using estimates of total natural gas reserves and a recovery factor determined for each area of origin based on Form EIA-64A data. EIA’s official published estimate of marketed natural gas production is 36.5 Tcf in 2019, an increase of 10.6% from 2018. In 2019, prices declined to levels only slightly higher than those of 2015 and that trend of rising reserves was interrupted— proved reserves of U.S. crude oil and lease condensate remained at the 2018 level, while natural gas reserves declined slightly. During the last week of 2019, 805 rotary rigs were operating in the United States. Table 12. Pennsylvania reported a 2.3% (2.4 Tcf) increase in proved natural gas reserves from the Marcellus shale play. 4.EIA’s Short-Term Energy Outlook, November 10, 2020. How can acquisitions in a given year exceed sales? Examples of PDNPs include: existing producing wells that are shut in awaiting well workovers; drilled wells that await completion; drilled well sites that require installation of production equipment or pipeline facilities; or behind-the-pipe reserves that require the depletion of other zones or reservoirs before they can be placed on production (by recompleting the well). Natural gas has many qualities that make it an efficient, relatively clean burning, and economical energy source. Table 8. Table 14. Because processed natural gas has no odor, natural gas companies add a strong, rotten egg-like smelling substance called mercaptan to natural gas so that people can smell leaks. Proved shale natural gas reserves in Ohio were 34.4 Tcf, making it the third-largest in 2019, now larger than the proved shale gas reserves reported in West Virginia (34.0 Tcf) and those in Louisiana (29.6 Tcf). U.S. proved reserves of total natural gas, wet after lease separation, 2001–19 EIA collected production and proved reserves data for nine major U.S. shale plays in 2019 (Table 4). According to EIA’s Short-Term Energy Outlook forecast, U.S. production in 2020 will decline an estimated 7% for crude oil and 2% for natural gas. Pleasant shale play in the Appalachian Basin (Table 10). Nonassociated natural gas, also called gas well gas, is defined as natural gas not in contact with significant quantities of crude oil in a reservoir. Nonassociated natural gas accounted for three-quarters (75.4%) of proved natural gas reserves in the United States in 2019. Pleasant shale play. Estimates differ from the official U.S. EIA production data for natural gas published in the Natural Gas Annual 2019, DOE/EIA-0131(19). [6] Production onshore in the Lower 48 states (3,591 MMBbl) was 14.3% higher than the 2018 level (3,141 MMBbl), and Federal Offshore (both Pacific and Gulf of Mexico) production experienced a 9.6% increase based on the Form EIA-23L data (rising from 649 MMBbl in 2018 to 711 MMBbl in 2019). Proved reserves, reserves changes, and production of shale natural gas, 2019 1Based on carbon-dioxide equivalents. Texas added a net increase of 179 MMBbl of proved reserves (0.9%). Burning natural gas for energy results in fewer emissions of nearly all types of air pollutants and carbon dioxide (CO2) than burning coal or petroleum products to produce an equal amount of energy. When geologists explore for natural gas deposits on land, they may disturb vegetation and soil with their vehicles. In 2019, operators in the state of Alaska reported the largest volumetric increase in its proved reserves of crude oil and lease condensate—a net increase of 259 MMBbl. Consequently, EIA expects that oil and gas well operators will revise down their proved reserves in 2020. U.S. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Proved Reserves, Year-End 2018, December 2019, Table 15. The average U.S. natural gas price declined 21.5% in 2019, curtailing development plans and reducing the economically recoverable volume of existing proved reserves. Maps by energy source and topic, includes forecast maps. Uranium fuel, nuclear reactors, generation, spent fuel. Lease condensate usually enters the crude oil stream. Greenhouse gas data, voluntary reporting, electric power plant emissions. Figure 14. Table 1: Arctic area mean estimated undiscovered technically recoverable, conventional oil and natural gas resources for the seven largest Arctic basin provinces. In 2019, production of crude oil and lease condensate increased in the United States by 506 MMBbl (12.7%) from 2018’s production level. EIA then estimates the portion of proved reserves that is not reported for the United States, each state, and some federal offshore and state subdivisions. This is the first annual decrease in proved reserves of natural gas in the United States since 2015, but reserves remain at their 2nd highest level ever. 10. The largest net gain in proved reserves of U.S. natural gas by volume in 2019 was in Ohio (+10.4 Tcf) as a result of continuing development of the Utica/Pt. As a result, EIA expects operators to report significantly fewer additions of proved reserves from extensions and discoveries in the 2020 reserves report. In 2018, the U.S. total natural gas reserves were revised downwards by 27.7 Tcf, and the net revision decreases in 2019 are both a continuation of that trend throughout 2019 and a recognition of demand destruction caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Uses and properties John Emsley, Nature’s Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements, Oxford University Press, New York, 2nd Edition, 2011. Natural gas plant liquids (unlike lease condensate) remain within the natural gas after it passes through lease separation equipment. Proved reserves of natural gas in Texas decreased by 8.7% overall as downward revisions of natural gas reserves in the Eagle Ford and Barnett Shale plays exceeded gains from the proved reserves of associated-dissolved natural gas that accompanied crude oil development in the Permian Basin. EIA publishes a series of maps showing the nation’s shale gas resources for both shale plays and geologic basins. The production numbers in the tables and figures of this report are based on data reported on Form EIA-23L, Annual Report of Domestic Oil and Gas Reserves, and are used because they are consistent with EIA’s calculations of U.S. reserves. The natural gas production estimates in this report are based on data reported on Form EIA-23L, Annual Report of Domestic Oil and Gas Reserves. Hydraulic fracturing produces large amounts of wastewater at the surface, which may contain dissolved chemicals and other contaminants that require treatment before disposal or reuse. Although the natural gas spot price began at $3.25 per MMBtu on January 1, 2019, after March, the first-day-of-the-month spot price remained below $3 throughout the year. Table 13. The largest decrease in 2019 proved nonassociated natural gas reserves (-14.6 Tcf) was in Texas. Includes hydropower, solar, wind, geothermal, biomass and ethanol. Exempt certain prepayments for natural gas from tax-exempt bond arbitrage rules: 53,000,000 Forms EIA uses to collect energy data including descriptions, links to survey instructions, and additional information. Net revisions decreased U.S. total proved natural gas reserves by 35.3 Tcf in 2019 (Table 9). Texas had the largest net revision decrease of proved natural gas reserves of all states in 2019 (-16.3 Tcf). The second-largest shale gas play in 2019 was the Wolfcamp/Bone Spring shale play of the Permian Basin. An example of PUDs are undrilled offset well locations (acreage adjacent to an existing producing well that is scheduled to have wells drilled upon it). Note: The Lower 48 states offshore subtotal in this table includes state offshore and Federal Offshore. Natural gas could be released to the atmosphere during and after well drilling, and the amount of these releases are under investigation. Table 16 shows the estimated volumes of nonproducing proved reserves of crude oil, lease condensate, nonassociated natural gas, associated-dissolved natural gas, and total natural gas for 2019. At year-end 2017, coalbed methane proved reserves represented only 2.6% of the U.S. total natural gas proved reserves. Regional energy information including dashboards, maps, data, and analyses. Proved reserves of crude oil and lease condensate remained effectively the same in 2019 as in 2018 (a very slight increase of 0.1%), and proved reserves of natural gas declined by 2% (Table 1). Highlights are listed below. Includes hydropower, solar, wind, geothermal, biomass and ethanol. Natural gas wells and pipelines often have engines to run equipment and compressors, which produce air pollutants and noise. Proved reserves, reserves changes, and production of nonassociated natural gas, wet after lease separation, 2019 If mismanaged, hydraulic fracturing fluid—which may contain potentially hazardous chemicals—could be released through spills, leaks, faulty well construction, or other exposure pathways. Plant condensate is similar to lease condensate in that it usually enters the crude oil stream, but is recovered at a gas processing plant rather than lease separation facilities. EIA calculates its estimate of the proved reserves of dry natural gas in the United States by first estimating the expected yield of natural gas plant liquids from total natural gas proved reserves and by then subtracting the gas equivalent volume of the natural gas plant liquids from total natural gas proved reserves. SEC and EIA estimates are not exactly the same, however; the SEC requires companies to report their owned reserves, and EIA requires companies to report their operated reserves.
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